Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Robert Young Hayne, (born Nov. 10, 1791, Colleton District, S.C., U.S.died Sept. 24, 1839, Asheville, N.C.), American lawyer, political leader, and spokesman for the South, best-remembered for his debate with Daniel Webster (1830), in which he set forth a doctrine of nullification. If this is to become one great consolidated government, swallowing up the rights of the states, and the liberties of the citizen, riding and ruling over the plundered ploughman, and beggared yeomanry,[8] the Union will not be worth preserving. When, however, the gentleman proceeded to contrast the state of Ohio with Kentucky, to the disadvantage of the latter, I listened to him with regret. Sir, I will not stop at the border; I will carry the war into the enemys territory, and not consent to lay down my arms, until I shall have obtained indemnity for the past, and security for the future.[4] It is with unfeigned reluctance that I enter upon the performance of this part of my duty. When they shall become dissatisfied with this distribution, they can alter it. - Definition and Uses, Public Speaking: Assignment 1 - Informative Speech, Public Speaking: Assignment 3 - Special Occasion Speech, The Role of Probability Distributions, Random Numbers & the Computer in Simulations, The Monte Carlo Simulation: Scope & Common Applications, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, The methods by which the federal government earned its revenue, The federal government's surveying and selling of land west of the Mississippi River, The issue of slavery, which was beginning to divide the Northern and Southern states, The balance of power between federal and state governments. Mr. Hayne having rejoined to Mr. Webster, especially on the constitutional question. Battle of Fort Sumter in the Civil War | Who Won the Battle of Fort Sumter? Foote Idea To Limit The Sale Of Public Lands In The West To New Settlers. Eloquence threw open the portals of eternal day. It makes but little difference, in my estimation, whether Congress or the Supreme Court, are invested with this power. If they mean merely this, then, no doubt, the public lands as well as everything else in which we have a common interest, tends to consolidation; and to this species of consolidation every true American ought to be attached; it is neither more nor less than strengthening the Union itself. Hayne maintained that the states retained the authority to nullify federal law, Webster that federal law expressed the will of the American people and could not be nullified by a minority of the people in a state. Thirty years before the Civil War broke out, disunion appeared to be on the horizon with the Nullification Crisis. webster hayne debate Flashcards | Quizlet Hayne argued that the sovereign and independent states had created the Union to promote their particular interests. . Sir, when gentlemen speak of the effects of a common fund, belonging to all the states, as having a tendency to consolidation, what do they mean? . Available in hard copy and for download. Every scheme or contrivance by which rulers are able to procure the command of money by means unknown to, unseen or unfelt by, the people, destroys this security. a. an explanation of natural events that is well supported by scientific evidence b. a set of rules for ethical conduct during an experiment c. a statement that describes how natural events happen d. a possible answer to a scientific question To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Daniel webster, in a dramatic speech, showed the. Webster was eloquent, he was educated, he was witty, and he was a staunch defender of American liberty. The Webster-Hayne Debates | Teaching American History It was plenary then, and never having been surrendered, must be plenary now. What followed, the Webster Hayne debate, was one of the most famous exchanges in Senate history. Broadside Advertisement for Runaway Slave, Forcing Slavery Down the Throat of a Free-Soiler, Free & Slave-holding States and Territories. They will also better understand the debate's political context. Well, let's look at the various parts. More specifically, some of the issues facing Congress during this period included: Robert Y. Hayne served as Senator of South Carolina from 1823 to 1832. It would enable Congress and the Executive to exercise a control over states, as well as over great interests in the country, nay, even over corporations and individualsutterly destructive of the purity, and fatal to the duration of our institutions. Webster's second reply to Hayne, in January 1830, became a famous defense of the federal union: "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable." Just beneath the surface of this debate lay the elements of the developing sectional crisis between North and South. Such interference has never been supposed to be within the power of government; nor has it been, in any way, attempted. . Liberty has been to them the greatest of calamities, the heaviest of curses. The Webster-Hayne debate, which again was just one section of this greater discussion in the Senate, is traditionally considered to have begun when South Carolina senator Robert Y. Hayne stood to argue against Connecticut's proposal, accusing the northeastern states of trying to stall development of the West so that southern agricultural interests couldn't expand. The militia of the state will be called out to sustain the nullifying act. I understand him to insist, that if the exigency of the case, in the opinion of any state government, require it, such state government may, by its own sovereign authority, annul an act of the general government, which it deems plainly and palpably unconstitutional. They attack nobody, and menace nobody. Speech to the U.S. House of Representatives. But until they shall alter it, it must stand as their will, and is equally binding on the general government and on the states. The Constitutional Convention: The Great Compromise, The Webster-Hayne Debate of 1830: Summary & Issues, The History of American Presidential Debates, Jonathan Edwards and the Great Awakening: Sermons & Biography, Who Was Susan B. Anthony? These irreconcilable views of national supremacy and state sovereignty framed the constitutional struggle that led to Civil War thirty years later. Sir, I should fear the rebuke of no intelligent gentleman of Kentucky, were I to ask whether, if such an ordinance could have been applied to his own state, while it yet was a wilderness, and before Boone had passed the gap of the Alleghany, he does not suppose it would have contributed to the ultimate greatness of that commonwealth? But, the simple expression of this sentiment has led the gentleman, not only into a labored defense of slavery, in the abstract, and on principle, but, also, into a warm accusation against me, as having attacked the system of domestic slavery, now existing in the Southern states. It moves vast bodies, and gives to them one and the same direction. . Help please? What idea was espoused with the Webster-Hayne debates? The Sir, when the gentleman provokes me to such a conflict, I meet him at the threshold. . Speech of Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts, January 20, 1830. An equally talented orator, Webster rose as the advocate of the North in the debate with his captivating reply to Hayne's initial argument. When the gentleman says the Constitution is a compact between the states, he uses language exactly applicable to the old Confederation. There yet remains to be performed, Mr. President, by far the most grave and important duty, which I feel to be devolved on me, by this occasion. This was the tenor of Webster's speech, and nobly did the country respond to it. . The impression which has gone abroad, of the weakness of the South, as connected with the slave question, exposes us to such constant attacks, has done us so much injury, and is calculated to produce such infinite mischiefs, that I embrace the occasion presented by the remarks of the gentleman from Massachusetts, to declare that we are ready to meet the question promptly and fearlessly. Let's start by looking at the United States around 1830. Expert Answers. The next day, however, Massachusetts senator Daniel Webster rose with his reply, and the northern states knew they had found their champion. . . We, sir, who oppose the Carolina doctrine, do not deny that the people may, if they choose, throw off any government, when it becomes oppressive and intolerable, and erect a better in its stead. We had no other general government. So they could finish selling the lands already surveyed. The Most Famous Senate Speech January 26, 1830 The debate began simply enough, centering on the seemingly prosaic subjects of tariff and public land policy. I understand him to maintain an authority, on the part of the states, thus to interfere, for the purpose of correcting the exercise of power by the general government, of checking it, and of compelling it to conform to their opinion of the extent of its powers. Shedding weak tears over sufferings which had existence only in their own sickly imaginations, these friends of humanity set themselves systematically to work to seduce the slaves of the South from their masters. It is only by a strict adherence to the limitations imposed by the Constitution on the federal government, that this system works well, and can answer the great ends for which it was instituted. Competing Conceptions of Union and Ordered Liberty in He must cut it with his sword. Winners and Losers History's Famous Debates - Medium He had allowed himself but a single night from eve to morn to prepare for a critical and crowning occasion. His speech was indeed a powerful one of its eloquence and personality. foote wanted to stop surveying lands until they could sell the ones already looked at Hayne, South Carolina's foremost Senator, was the chosen champion; and the cause of his State, both in its right and wrong sides, could have found no abler exponent while [Vice President] Calhoun's official station kept him from the floor. Correspondence Between Anthony Butler and Presiden State of the Union Address Part II (1846). Correct answers: 2 question: Which of the following is the best definition of a hypothesis?